Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 Maret 1931 – 30 Agustus 2022) adalah seorang politikus Rusia dan Uni Soviet yang menjadi pemimpin Uni Soviet kedelapan dan terakhir. Ia menjabat sebagai Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Uni Soviet sejak tahun 1985 hingga 1991. Sebagai Kepala Negara Uni Soviet dari 1988 sampai 1991, ia memegang jabatan Ketua Presidium Majelis Agung Uni Soviet dari 1988 sampai 1989, Ketua Majelis Agung Uni Soviet dari 1989 sampai 1990, dan satu-satunya Presiden Uni Soviet dari 1990 hingga pengunduran dirinya pada tahun 1991. Gorbachev pada awalnya menganut ideologi Marxisme–Leninisme sebelum berubah haluan ke demokrasi sosial pada awal 1990-an. Ia juga merupakan satu-satunya pemimpin Uni Soviet yang lahir di Uni Soviet, bukan Kekaisaran Rusia seperti pemimpin Uni Soviet lainnya.

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