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SECOND BALKAN WAR
The Second Balkan War broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, in June 1913. Serbian and Greek armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counterattacked, entering Bulgaria. With Bulgaria also having previously engaged in territorial disputes with Romania and the bulk of its forces engaged in the south, the prospect of an easy victory incited Romanian intervention against Bulgaria. The Ottoman Empire also took advantage of the situation to regain some lost territories from the First Balkan War. When Romanian troops approached the capital Sofia, Bulgaria asked for an armistice, later producing the Treaty of Bucharest in which Bulgaria ceded portions of its First Balkan War gains to Serbia and Greece, and Silistra and Southern Dobruja to Romania. In the Treaty of Constantinople, it lost portions of Eastern Thrace, including, Edirne (Adrianople), to the Ottomans.
SECOND BALKAN WAR - Timeline
May 1913 – The First Balkan War ends; a crisis emerges between Bulgaria and Serbia and Greece over the partition of Rumelia, particularly the Macedonian region
June 1, 1913 – As tensions continue to rise with Bulgaria massing its forces in Macedonia, Serbia and Greece secretly sign a mutual defense treaty aimed at countering a potential Bulgarian attack; small-scale fighting soon begins breaking out between Serbians and Bulgarians, whose forces are situated next to each other following the recently concluded First Balkan War
June 29, 1913 – Full-scale war breaks out when Bulgaria, without declaring war, launches simultaneous attacks on Serbian and Greek forces in Macedonia; the Serbians repulse the attack and launch a counter-offensive, which also fails to make headway; eventually, the Bulgarian-Serbian front settles into a stalemate; the Greeks also repulse the Bulgarian attack and launch their own counter-offensive against the undermanned Bulgarians; within two weeks, the Greeks gain possession of portions of eastern Macedonia and Western Thrace; fighting shifts to southern Bulgaria, where the fighting becomes inconclusive
July 10, 1913 - Romania declares war on Bulgaria; five days later, Romanian forces cross the border into virtually undefended northern Bulgaria, advancing along three fronts; within two weeks, the Romanians seize Silistra and Southern Dobruja and by July 23rd, after meeting only slight opposition, reach the periphery of the Bulgarian capital, Sofia
July 20, 1913 – The Ottoman Empire enters the war against Bulgaria, with its forces sweeping into into Eastern Thrace
July 22, 1913 - Bulgaria sues for peace, and fighting soon ends in all sectors
August 1913 - The Treaty of Bucharest ends war between Bulgaria and the belligerents, with the exception of the Ottoman Empire
September 1913 - The Treaty of Constantinople ends war between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire; as a result of the two Balkan Wars, Bulgaria gains 16% in territory, while the victors in the two Balkan Wars make much larger gains: Montenegro at 62%, Greece at 68%, and Serbia at nearly 100%. Romania gains 5%. However, the Ottoman Empire loses nearly all of Rumelia, retaining only Eastern Thrace
