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Johnson v. United States | 576 U.S. 591 (2015)
Johnson versus United States concerns a sawed-off shotgun, a federal criminal statute addressing violent felonies, and the concept of vagueness.
The F B I was monitoring Samuel Johnson’s involvement in a white-supremacist organization suspected of terrorist plots. Johnson told an undercover agent that he’d made explosives and intended to attack some high-priority targets, including the Mexican consulate and liberals. He showed the agent his A K Forty-Seven and the rest of his arsenal. The government indicted Johnson for possession of a firearm by a felon.
The Armed Career Criminal Act of nineteen eighty-four set enhanced sentences for defendants with prior convictions for drug offenses or violent felonies who were convicted of possessing firearms. The act defined a violent felony as a crime punishable by more than a year in prison that involved physical force. It also specifically listed burglary, arson, extortion, crimes involving explosives, or any crime that quote “otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another,” unquote. This last section was known as the residual clause.
Johnson had already been convicted of robbery and a drug offense. He’d also been convicted of unlawful possession of a sawed-off shotgun. The government argued that this offense qualified as a violent felony under the residual clause.
Based on Johnson’s prior convictions, the district court sentenced him to a fifteen-year minimum sentence. The Eighth Circuit affirmed. The United States Supreme Court granted cert.
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