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Mangla Lake (Azad Kashmir)
Mangla is situated in Mirpur District, Azad Kashmir at the edge with Jhelum district Punjab, with Jhelum river making the border line. Mangla is an olden town and is slated to be named after Mangla Devi. It is also the site of crossing of river Jhelum by Alexander forces in front of Raja Porus. At the time of creation of Mangla dam, towns of Baral, Baruti and Thill across the river in Jhelum district were developed as housing colonies and offices for overseas employees and officials. This has now been transformed to a armed cantonment and referred as Mangla cantonment. Mangla is positioned 10 km from Mirpur city at the mouth of the Mangla Dam. The construction of the Dam lake, which has a outer limits of 400 km, has turned it into a place of interest. The Mangla Dam water storage and power generation project was the start of the construction of jumbo projects in Pakistan. Mangla also hosts the Mangla Power Station which is second biggest in Pakistan.
As part of the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960, India gained rights to the waters of the Ravi, Sutlej and Beas rivers, while Pakistan, in addition to the waters of the aforementioned three rivers' sections within Pakistani territory and some monetary compensation, received the rights to develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins. Until 1967, the entire irrigation system of Pakistan was fully dependent on unregulated flows of the Indus River and its major tributaries. The agricultural yield was very low for a number of reasons, the most significant being a lack of water during critical growing periods. This problem stemmed from the seasonal variations in river flow due to monsoons and the absence of storage reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts of surplus water during those periods of high river discharge.[4][5]
The Mangla Dam was the first of the two dams constructed to reduce this shortcoming and strengthen the irrigation system of the country as part of the Indus Basin Project, with the other being the Tarbela Dam situated on the Indus River in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
