Question 3: (Covers Block 3) (4 marks each × 5 parts =20 Marks)
(a)Explain the functioning of shift instructions, and subroutine call and return instructions with the help
of an example/diagram of each. Also, explain the following addressing modes with the help of a
diagram - Indirect Addressing and Index addressing. You should show instructions and operands in
the diagram.
(b)Demonstrate how the size of a machine program changes for the computation of the expression
z=(a+b)*(c+d*e) when different instruction sets, having zero address, one address, two address and
three address instructions, are used.
(c) Consider a machine that brings all the operands to registers before performing the ALU operation. The
machine uses PC, IR, and MAR registers. All memory accesses bring data to the AX register. The
operations are performed in AC and AX registers, and results are stored in the AC register. List and
explain all the microoperations required to execute an instruction AC AC+[MAR] on this machine.
(d)Explain the control memory organisation and operation of the micro-programmed control unit with the
help of a diagram of each.
(e) What are the features of RISC? Explain the instruction pipelining in the RISC processor. How is
branch penalty handled in RISC?
.
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