Nephrotic syndrome nursing lecture on signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, and nursing interventions for preparation of NCLEX exam. Nephrotic syndrome is a set of symptoms experienced by a patient with damage to the filtering structure (glomerulus) of the kidneys, which causes a massive amount of proteins to be leaked into the urine.

Why is nephrotic syndrome happening? There is damage to the glomerulus of the nephron, which allows a massive amounts of proteins to leak into the urine (more than 3 grams per day). The patient mainly loses the protein albumin via the urine along with other types of protein that help fight infection and prevent blood clot development.

Causes of nephrotic syndrome include primary and secondary causes. Primary causes can be due to the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome, which is minimal change disease along with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Secondary causes include diseases that are causing damage to the kidney such as Lupus, Diabetes, Hepatitis, heart failure etc.

Signs and symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome include massive proteinuria, which causes the urine to be dark and frothy/foamy, hypoalbuminemia, edema (weight gain), hyperlipidemia.

Nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome include daily weights, monitor intake and output, preventing infection, monitor for signs and symptoms of blood clots, etc.

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