Steps to Adjust a Door Closer
Access the Adjustment Screws: For surface-mounted door closers, simply remove the cover to reveal the adjustment screws. Some covers may be held on by screws, while others are secured by tension. For concealed door closers, the adjustment screws are usually accessible through holes in the door frame.

Inspect for Damage: Before adjusting, check if the closer is leaking oil. Oil leaks indicate a failure in the hydraulic system, and the closer will need replacement. If you're comfortable with tools, you can replace a surface-mounted door closer yourself, but concealed models should be handled by professionals.

Make Minor Adjustments: Adjust the screws labeled "S" (swing speed) and "L" (latch speed) by turning them slightly, as small turns can significantly impact door operation. The swing speed controls how quickly the door closes from fully open to a few inches before closing. The latch speed controls the final portion of the door’s closing. For the door to close smoothly, it should take 7-9 seconds to close, complying with local codes which might require a minimum of 5 seconds.

Test and Fine-Tune: After each adjustment, test the door to ensure it operates as desired. Repeat the adjustments in small increments until the door closes properly. Test the door multiple times to confirm consistency. If the door continues to malfunction after several adjustments, other issues with the closer may need to be addressed.

Specific Adjustments
Screw "S" (Swing Speed): Controls the speed at which the door closes from fully open to about 10-15 degrees from the latch. Turning this screw affects how quickly the door swings closed.

Screw "L" (Latch Speed): Adjusts the speed at which the door completes its closing, from about 10-20 degrees to fully closed. This adjustment helps prevent the door from slamming or not closing fully.

Screw "B" or "BC" (Back Check): This controls the resistance when the door is opened beyond a certain point, preventing it from being flung open too forcefully.

Delayed Action: This setting allows the door to remain open for a set period before starting to close, which can be useful in environments requiring longer door-opening times.

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