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Immunology and Immune Response to Cancer 🧬

Antigen Presentation and Activation of Immune Cells in Cancer: The immune system plays a pivotal role in detecting and eliminating cancer cells. Key players include antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells, which capture and present tumor antigens to T cells via Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. This presentation activates T cells, especially cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which target and destroy cancer cells. Additionally, co-stimulatory signals and cytokines like IL-2 are crucial for the full activation and proliferation of T cells. Natural Killer (NK) cells and macrophages also contribute to the anti-tumor response by directly killing abnormal cells and enhancing T cell responses. However, cancer cells often employ immune evasion strategies, such as PD-L1 expression, to inhibit T cell activity, highlighting the importance of immune checkpoints in cancer therapy. The balance between immune activation and suppression is vital in the ongoing battle against cancer, making immunotherapy a groundbreaking approach in modern oncology. 🚀

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