FRÉDÉRIC CHOPIN'S COMPLETE SCHERZOS #chopin #scherzo #piano

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00:00:00 Op. 20: Scherzo No. 1 in B minor (1831–1835)
00:09:16 Op. 31: Scherzo No. 2 in B♭ minor (1836–1837)
00:18:31 Op. 39: Scherzo No. 3 in C♯ minor (1839–1840)
00:25:33 Op. 54: Scherzo No. 4 in E major (1842–1843)

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Frédéric Chopin's four scherzos (or scherzi) are single-movement pieces for solo piano, composed between 1833 and 1843. They are often linked to Chopin's four ballades, composed in roughly the same period; these works are examples of large scale autonomous musical pieces, composed within the classical framework, but surpassing previous expressive and technical limitations. Unlike the classical model, the musical form adopted by Chopin is not characterized by humor or elements of surprise, but by highly charged "gestures of despair and demonic energy". Commenting on the first scherzo, Robert Schumann wrote: "How is 'gravity' to clothe itself if 'jest' goes about in dark veils?"

The Scherzo No. 1 in B minor, Op. 20, is a composition for solo piano written by Frédéric Chopin and dedicated to Thomas Albrecht. As to the genesis of this Scherzo, little is known beyond the 1835 publication date, though it is presumed to have been completed around 1833. The piece begins with the tempo marking Presto con fuoco. The piece is dark, dramatic, and lively. It is complex and considered to be one of Chopin's more difficult works.

The Scherzo No. 2 in B♭ minor, Op. 31 was composed in Paris. The work was composed and published between 1835 and 1837, and was dedicated to Countess Adèle Fürstenstein. As pianist David Dubal has written, Robert Schumann compared this scherzo to a Byronic poem, "so overflowing with tenderness, boldness, love and contempt." According to Wilhelm von Lenz, a pupil of Chopin, the composer said that the renowned sotto voce opening was a question and the second phrase the answer: "For Chopin it was never questioning enough, never soft enough, never vaulted (tombe) enough. It must be a charnel-house." Dubal wrote that critic James Huneker "exults": "What masterly writing, and it lies in the very heart of the piano! A hundred generations may not improve on these pages."

The Scherzo No. 3, Op. 39, in C♯ minor was composed in 1838 in the abandoned monastery of Valldemossa on the Balearic island of Majorca, Spain, and completed it back in France by the end of 1839. This is the most terse, ironic, and tightly constructed of the four scherzi, with an almost Beethovenian grandeur. Frédéric Chopin dedicated this composition to one of his closest pupils, Adolphe Gutmann.

The Scherzo No. 4, Op. 54, in E major was composed in 1842 in Nohant. The scherzo was published in 1843. Unlike the preceding three scherzi (Op. 20, Op. 31, Op. 39), the E-major is generally calmer in temperament, though it still possesses some exceptionally passionate and dramatic moments. It seems to be a work that divides opinion: for pianist Jack Gibbons the 4th scherzo "is one of Chopin's most elegiac works, and without doubt contains some of the most profound and introspective music the composer ever wrote "while for John Palmer the work exhibits "more capriciousness and elegance than profundity." Petazzi said this scherzo differs from the others "as if it had passed through a magically purifying expressive filter." The scherzo is in sonata rondo form, with a trio in C-sharp minor. It is the only one of Chopin's four scherzos primarily in a major key.

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