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Discovering the Secrets of Hattusa: The Capital of the Hittite Empire
Section 1: History and Importance of Hattusa
Hattusa was the capital of the Hittite Empire, which flourished during the Late Bronze Age from around 1600 to 1200 BC. The city was founded around 2500 BC and became the capital of the Hittites in the 17th century BC. The Hittites were a powerful empire that dominated the region for centuries, and Hattusa was at the center of their political and cultural life. The city was also a major religious center, with temples dedicated to the Hittite gods.
Section 2: The Layout of Hattusa
The city of Hattusa was divided into two parts: the lower city and the upper city. The lower city was the residential area and the location of the marketplace. The upper city was the political and religious center, and it was surrounded by impressive fortifications. The most famous of these is the Great Wall of Hattusa, which was more than six kilometers long and had more than a hundred towers.
Section 3: The Highlights of Hattusa
One of the most impressive features of Hattusa is the Yazılıkaya Open-Air Sanctuary, which is located just outside the city walls. This sanctuary consists of two rock-cut chambers with reliefs of Hittite gods and goddesses. Another highlight is the Great Temple, which was the largest religious building in Hattusa. It was dedicated to the storm god, and its walls were decorated with reliefs of lions and bulls. The Hittite capital also had an impressive system of underground water channels and a royal palace.
Section 4: Hattusa's Decline and Rediscovery
Despite its power and importance, the Hittite Empire eventually declined, and Hattusa was abandoned around 1200 BC. The city was lost to history until the 19th century when a German archaeologist named Hugo Winckler rediscovered it. Since then, many excavations have been carried out, revealing a wealth of information about the Hittite Empire and its capital city.
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