This episode looks at both the Energy Flow (ecological pyramids) and Cycling of Matter (food chain | food web) through an Ecosystem. We are going to look at how stuff changes into other stuff but never really leaves AND how energy from the sun ends up powering pretty much every organism on earth.

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IN THIS EPISODE:
-Matter Cycling (Composting Example)
-Food Chains
-Food Webs
-Energy Flow (Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration)
-Trophic Pyramid (Ecological Pyramid | Trophic Levels | 10% Rule)

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SCIENCE STANDARDS:
NGSS
5-LS2-1
Develop a model to describe the movement of matter among plants, animals, decomposers, and the environment. Emphasis is on the idea that matter that is not food (air, water, decomposed materials in soil) is changed by plants into matter that is food. Examples of systems could include organisms, ecosystems, and the Earth. Assessment does not include molecular explanations.
MS-LS2-3
Develop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem. Emphasis is on describing the conservation of matter and flow of energy into and out of various ecosystems, and on defining the boundaries of the system. Assessment does not include the use of chemical reactions to describe the processes.
HS-LS2-4
Use mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem. Emphasis is on using a mathematical model of stored energy in biomass to describe the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another and that matter and energy are conserved as matter cycles and energy flows through ecosystems. Emphasis is on atoms and molecules such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen being conserved as they move through an ecosystem. Assessment is limited to proportional reasoning to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy.

TEKS
SCI.4.9.A
Organisms and environments. The student knows and understands that living organisms within an ecosystem interact with one another and with their environment. The student is expected to: investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food
SCI.4.9.B
Organisms and environments. The student knows and understands that living organisms within an ecosystem interact with one another and with their environment. The student is expected to: describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web.
SCI.5.9.B
Organisms and environments. The student knows that there are relationships, systems, and cycles within environments. The student is expected to: describe the flow of energy within a food web, including the roles of the Sun, producers, consumers, and decomposers
SCI.9-11.B.12.C
Science concepts. The student knows that interdependence and interactions occur within an environmental system. The student is expected to: analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids;


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