This video shows how the shape of the eyeball can cause nearsightedness or farsightedness. In a normal eye, light rays pass through the cornea and come to a sharp focal point on the retina, presenting a clear image. For someone who is nearsighted, the shape of the eyeball is too long and incorrectly refracts the light rays, causing them to them to focus in front of the retina. For someone who is farsighted, the opposite happens—the eye shape is too short, causing the light to focus behind the retina instead of directly on it.
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