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••••Fetal Endoscopic Tracheal Occlusion (FETO) is a prenatal intervention used to treat severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a condition where the diaphragm fails to fully develop, allowing abdominal organs to move into the chest and hinder lung development. Here’s an overview of the procedure:

1. Purpose:
To promote lung growth in fetuses with severe CDH, improving their chances of survival and respiratory function post-birth.

2. Procedure:
Preparation: FETO is typically performed between 26 and 30 weeks of gestation. The mother is given anesthesia to ensure both her comfort and the fetus's safety.
Endoscopic Access: A small incision is made in the mother's abdomen and uterus to insert a fetoscope (a tiny camera and surgical instrument).
Balloon Placement: Using the fetoscope, a balloon is placed into the fetus's trachea. The balloon temporarily blocks the trachea, causing fluid to accumulate in the lungs and promoting their growth and development.
Monitoring and Removal: The balloon remains in place for a few weeks, during which time the fetal lungs are monitored for growth. The balloon is removed before birth, typically around 34 weeks of gestation, to allow the fetus to breathe normally upon delivery.

3. Post-Procedure Care:
After the balloon is removed, the pregnancy is closely monitored until birth. Specialized neonatal care is often required after delivery to support the baby's breathing and manage any complications related to CDH.

4. Risks and Considerations:
Risks include preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and potential complications from the procedure itself, such as bleeding or infection.
- FETO is considered for cases of severe CDH where the prognosis without intervention is poor. The procedure has shown promise in improving lung function and overall outcomes for affected infants.

5. Outcomes:
Early studies and clinical trials indicate that FETO can significantly improve lung development and survival rates in fetuses with severe CDH. However, long-term outcomes and potential complications are still being studied.

This advanced prenatal intervention represents a critical option for managing severe CDH, providing hope for better outcomes in affected pregnancies.
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