A review of: Adaptive changes induced by natural selection in wild populations of Drosophila. Dobzhansky T. Evolution. 1947 1:1-16
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The idea that the fittest individual survives was first documented by Charles Darwin in the 1800s during his travels around the Galapagos Islands, where he coined “survival of the fittest”. Darwin observed the inheritance of useful traits from parent to offspring and discerned much about evolution and the role of the environment in natural selection whilst not really knowing about genes or mutations. Over a century later geneticist Theodosius Dobzhansky pioneered the discipline of evolutionary genetics by reconciling Darwin’s evolutionary theories with genetic inheritance. He explored the genesis of adaptation through his analysis of genes in wild populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura, investigating how seasonal changes drive adaptation and selection across generations. Finding the persistence of an inversion polymorphism in fruit fly populations, his results showed evidence of selection wherein different gene arrangements were favoured or discriminated against by the fly’s environment. Despite deviating from the expected Hardy-Weinberg proportions, this showed the adaptive inferiority of homozygotes, and the presence of a balanced chromosomal polymorphism in wild populations. Dobzhansky’s investigations bridged the gap between laboratory experimentation and field naturalism, making him not just a member of evolutionary genetics in the scientific community, but a leader of it.
Creator: Mikki Doonan
References:
Dobzhansky, T.H. 1947. Adaptive changes induced by natural selection in wild populations of Drosophila. Evolution 1:1-16.
Dobzhansky, T.H. 1949. Observations and experiments on natural selection in Drosophila. Wiley Online Library 35(1).
Dobzhansky, T.H. 1937 Genetics and the origin of species, first Ed. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
Dobzhansky, T.H. 1943. Genetics of natural populations. IX. Temporal changes in the composition of populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 28: 162 - 186.
Kapun, M., Fabian, D.K., Goude, J., Flatt, T. 2016. Genomic evidence for adaptive inversion clines in Drosophila melanogaster. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33(5): 1317 -1336.
Singh, B. 2008. Chromosome inversions and linkage disequilibrium in Drosophila. Current Science 94(4): 459-464.
