One of the most-known factors for weather patterns globally and in the tri-state area year-round is El Niño versus La Niña. Both have distinct characteristics that impact how warm or cold our weather is, as well as if it is dry, wet, or wintry. To determine if we are in an El Niño or La Niña, meteorologists look to the equatorial Pacific Ocean. There is a long and narrow area along the equator from the South American coast to 180° longitude that holds the key to El Niño or La Niña. That area can be broken up into four "Niño zones," Ninos 1 through 4. The most important area with the biggest impact on weather patterns is known as "Nino 3.4" located within Ninos 3 and 4.
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