Fayum Mummy Portraits - Ancient Egypt - Roman Egypt
Mummy portraits or Fayum mummy portraits are a type of naturalistic painted portrait on wooden boards attached to upper-class mummies from Roman Egypt. They belong to the tradition of panel painting, one of the most highly regarded forms of art in the Classical world. The Fayum portraits are the only large body of art from that tradition to have survived. They were formerly, and incorrectly, called Coptic portraits.

The combination of naturalistic Greek portraits of the deceased with Egyptian-form deities, symbols, and frames was primarily a phenomenon of funerary art from the chora, or countryside, in Roman Egypt. Combining Egyptian and Greek pictorial forms or motifs was not restricted to funerary art, however: the public and highly visible portraits of the Ptolemaic dynasty and Roman emperors grafted iconography developed for a ruler’s Greek or Roman images onto Egyptian statues in the dress and posture of Egyptian kings and queens. The possible combinations of Greek and Egyptian elements can be elucidated by imposing a (somewhat artificial) distinction between form and content, where ‘form’ is taken as the system of representation, and ‘content’ as the symbol, concept, or figure being portrayed.

The Numbers of Thoth brings you expert, in-depth videos about ancient Egyptian gods, religion, myths, history, archaeology, and Egyptology.

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