Finding only hand-wavy explanations, I needed to figure out my own answer to this question. Using ray trace software, I simulate what it is about a Michelson interferometer that can give a Bull's-eye pattern, and why you can also get parallel (a.k.a Fizeau) fringes. There is nothing new about this and I'm sure that there are other resources providing their own illustrative explanations. Here, you will get my explanation, along with a demonstration using Zemax OpticStudio in nonsequential mode.

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More interferometer fringe curiosity: [ Ссылка ]

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