Cleopatra VII Philopator was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. As a
member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, she was a descendant of its founder Ptolemy I Soter,
a Macedonian Greek general and companion of Alexander the Great.

After the death of Cleopatra, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire, marking the end of the second to last Hellenistic state and the age that had lasted since the reign of Alexander (336–323 BC). Her native language was Koine Greek, and she was the only Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language.

1. Not The First
2. Foreign Influence
3. The Beauty Myth
4. Smear Campaign
5. Short Life, Big Mark
6. Pearls Before Romans
7. Dry Reception
8. Leap Years
9. She’s Got a Type

After the death of Ptolemy XIII, there was just one heir eligible for the Egyptian throne left—
another younger brother, this one named Ptolemy XIV. So, she married him—after all, it had
worked with the last brother. But as we know, Cleopatra wasn’t interested in sharing the
throne with anyone, and one again, the wheels began turning in her mind

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