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(i) The pole of mirror is taken as origin.
(ii) All distances are measured from the pole ‘O’ of the mirror.
(iii) Rays of light are assumed to be coming from left side and enter the right side.
(iv) Distances measured in the direction of incident ray are taken as positive.
(v) All distances measured in direction opposite to incident ray are taken as negative.
(vi) Height measured above the principal axis are taken as positive and below as negative.
(vii) For concave mirrors, radius of curvature (R) and focal length (f) are taken as negative.
(viii) For convex mirrors, radius of curvature (R) and focal length (f) are taken as positive.
(ix) For real image magnification is negative and for virtual image magnification is positive.

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