| Stages of malignant melanoma
This sequence provides an in-depth look at the key stages of malignant melanoma development, a cancer that originates from melanocytes — the pigment-producing cells in the skin.
We begin by observing a healthy melanocyte, characterized by its stable structure and normal function within the basal layer of the epidermis.
As we progress, we see subtle yet significant changes: melanocytes clustering irregularly, a hallmark of early melanoma. At this point, the cells are replicating at an abnormal rate, suggesting a breakdown in normal regulatory mechanisms.
Progressing further, the clusters of melanocytes grow both in number and complexity, exhibiting diverse shapes and sizes — a visual representation of unchecked cellular proliferation.
The vertical growth phase commences here, during which cancer cells penetrate deeper into the dermis, expanding beyond the epidermal layer, an indicator of more aggressive disease.
In the final moments, we witness a critical transition: cancerous cells breaking away from the primary tumor mass, entering the surrounding tissue, and invading lymphatic vessels. This marks the beginning of metastasis, where the melanoma cells spread to distant parts of the body, significantly complicating treatment and prognosis.
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