Würzburg (German pronunciation: ['v???tsb???k]) is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany. Located at the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is Franconian.
Würzburg is approximately 120 kilometres (75 mi) from either Frankfurt am Main or Nuremberg by road. The city of Würzburg is not included in the district of Würzburg, but is its administrative seat (Landkreis). Its population is 133,501 as of 31 December 2008
History Würzburg Residence By 1000 BC a Celtic fortification stood on the site of the present Fortress Marienberg. It was Christianized in 686 by Irish missionaries Kilian, Kolonat and Totnan. The city is first mentioned as Vurteburch in 704. The first diocese was founded by Saint Boniface in 742. He appointed the first bishop of Würzburg, Saint Burkhard. The bishops eventually created a duchy with its center in the city, which extended in the 12th century to Eastern Franconia. The city was the seat of several Imperial diets, including the one of 1180, in which Henry the Lion was banned from the Empire and his duchy was handed over to Otto of Wittelsbach.
The first church on the site of the present Würzburg Cathedral was built as early as 788, and consecrated that same year by Charlemagne; the current building was constructed from 1040 to 1225 in Romanesque style. The University of Würzburg was founded in 1402 and re-founded in 1582.
The citizens of the city revolted several times against the prince-bishop, until definitively defeated in 1400. Later, Würzburg was a center of the German Peasants' War; the castle was besieged unsuccessfully. Notable prince-bishops include Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn (1573--1617) and members of the Schönborn family, who commissioned a great number of the monuments of today's city. In 1631, Swedish King Gustaf Adolf invaded the town and destroyed the castle.
In 1720, the foundations of the Würzburg Residence were laid. The city passed to the Electorate of Bavaria in 1803, but two years later, in the course of the Napoleonic Wars, it became the seat of the Electorate of Würzburg, the later Grand Duchy of Würzburg. In 1814, the town became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria and a new bishopric was created seven years later, as the former one had been secularized in 1803.
Massacres of Jews took place in 1147 and 1298 and expulsions throughout the Middle Ages. In the period of Nazi rule, the entire Jewish and gypsy population of the city was nearly wiped out.
WÜRBURG (en alemán, Würzburg, de Würz, Gewürz 'especia' y Burg 'burgo, ciudad, castillo') es una ciudad de Baviera (Alemania) capital de la Baja Franconia a orillas del Meno, antigua sede episcopal, y hoy ciudad universitaria con mucha animación y unos 130.000 habitantes.
Se encuentra a unos 70 minutos en tren de Fráncfort y Stuttgart y a 100 km de Núremberg
Historia Castillo de Marienberg.
Se sabe que en el emplazamiento del actual castillo de Marienberg se encontraba ya en el año 500 a. C. un castro celta. El lugar se cristianizó en el 686 por misioneros irlandeses, los santos Kilian, Kolonat y Totnan. La primera diócesis fue fundada en el 742 por San Bonifacio, que nombró a San Burkhard como primer obispo de Wurzburgo.
La primera iglesia en el terreno de la actual catedral data del 788 y fue consagrada ese mismo año por Carlomagno; el edificio actual fue construido entre el 1040 y 1225 en un románico muy sobrio.
