Amyloidosis is caused by deposition of products of protein misfolding in extracellular tissue, most commonly the light chains (lambda and kappa), transthyretin, and serum amyloid A. They can be detected by immunofixation tests of serum and urine in most cases. A tissue biopsy like from the bone marrow or endomyocardial biopsy to prove cardiac involvement is the final proof.

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