biotransformation of drugs -part 3 | Cytochrome P450 enzyme system drug metabolism Pharmacology
Metabolism or biotransformation of drugs or medicines is a pharmacokinetic property of drugs which is the irreversible alteration in the chemical nature of a drug. These reactions may be anabolic and catabolic reactions involving mainly endogenous substances like hormones, steroids, etc. but most of the drugs are also undergo these types of reactions and some functional groups are attached, detached, or exposed by drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs. Pharmacology mainly subdivided into two main branches pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Pharmacokinetics is mainly concern with the kinetics of drugs inside the body or simply what the body does to a drug. In contrast, pharmacodynamics is concerned with the effects of drugs on the body or simply what the drug does to our body. So, metabolism is pharmacokinetic property through which various changes take place in the structure of a drug which is done to facilitate its excretion from the body through excretory organs.
Most of the drugs are first oxidized by mostly cytochrome p450 enzymes system. Cyp450 enzymes are mostly present in hepatic cells and other organs like GIT and kidneys as well. Cytochrome p450 (cy450) is a superfamily of enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP31A1, etc.
Covered topics:
Metabolism or biotransformation of drugs.
CYTOCHROME P450 ENZYME SYSTEM OR CYP, p450 or CYP450
(microsomal mixed-function oxidases (MFOs) and cyp450 monooxygenases)
And why they are named P450?
Structure of HEME
Location of CYP450 enzymes
Nomenclature of CYP450 enzymes
Mechanism of drugs metabolism by CYP450
REFERENCES:
Goodman and Gilman
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
Eleventh Edition
By: Laurence L. Brunton, John S. Lazo, Keith L. Parker,
Rang and Dale's Pharmacology, - H. P. Rang
Seventh Edition
By: H P Rang, M M Dale, J M Ritter, R J Flower, G Henderson.
Katzung - Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
12th Edition
By: Bertram G. Katzung, Susan B. Masters, Anthony J. Trevor,
Lippincott Illustrated Reviews, Pharmacology -
Sixth edition
By: Karen Whalen, Richard Finkel, Thomas A. Panavelil.
Netter's Illustrated Pharmacology, Updated Edition- Robert B. Raffa
By: Robert B. Raffa, Scott M. Rawls, and others
Essentials of Medical Pharmacology (Jaypee)
Seventh edition
By: K.D. Tripathi
A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Fifth edition
By: JAMES M RITTER, LIONEL D LEWIS, TIMOTHY GK MANT, ALBERT FERRO
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