The Old fortress of Corfu dating back to around the 6th century AD features two peaks which were fortified by strong towers for many centuries.
In the early 15th century the Venetians started replacing the old Byzantine fortifications and as part of their defensive plans to secure its perimeter, the Venetians created the Contrafossa, a moat which transformed the citadel into an artificial island.
The fortress in 1718 suffered a major catatrophe in 1718 when lightning struck the powder magazine at Castel da Mare causing an explosion which created a chain reaction during which three secondary ammunition facilities also exploded, this in turn destroying most buildings inside the castle including the palace of the Captain General of the fortress.
The Fortress was used at the end of World War II by the Nazis to imprison the Jews of Corfu prior to their deportation from the island. On 8 June 1944 the Jews of Corfu were told to present themselves the next morning at the old Fort and subsequently they were led to the prison inside the Fortress.
The incarceration of the Jews at the jail of the castle, under harsh conditions and without rudimentary amenities, lasted for days until finally they were transported to Lefkada and then in succession to Patras, Piraeus and Haidari, after which 1,800 Corfiot Jews were deported to the Birkenau extermination camp via rail.
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