Brian Cox discusses a photograph of the Abell 2218 galaxy cluster, located approximately 2 billion light-years away. He explains the phenomenon of gravitational lensing, where the light from distant galaxies is bent and distorted as it passes through the warped space-time created by the massive galaxy cluster. This effect creates arcs in the photograph and allows scientists to calculate the mass of the intervening galaxy cluster. He compares this to looking at an image through a wineglass, where understanding the image helps determine the shape of the wineglass. The measurements from gravitational lensing reveal that there is much more matter in the universe than what is visible in stars and galaxies, indicating the presence of dark matter.

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