Diversification is the strategy of spreading investments across a variety of assets, sectors, or geographical regions to reduce risk. The goal is to ensure that the poor performance of one asset or group of assets doesn’t overly impact the overall portfolio. By including assets with varying levels of correlation—meaning their values don’t move in the same direction under similar market conditions—diversification helps smooth returns over time. For instance, a portfolio that includes stocks, bonds, and commodities may be less volatile than one heavily concentrated in a single asset class or sector.

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