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Hans Jonas draws on evolution to explain the ascending journey from simple to complex lifeforms, where the movement from immobile plants to mobile animals gave rise to perception of what is present to their senses which in human beings were further developed into imagined ideas of what may be absent. With choice comes the ability to select and hence create values and emotions in animals. The next step is when perception directed towards the external world turns inwards, made possible by human ability to imagine through ideas of what it does not literally see, giving rise to the ability to self-reflect. Coupled with emotions and values, human consciousness then develop a conscience, presenting a need for ethics to guide our lives.

Robert Kane on Libertarian Free Will: [ Ссылка ]

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