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1144 – The Frankish states of Outremer are in peril. Edessa falls to the undefeated warrior-atabeg Zengi. Outremer dispatches appeals for help to the Latin kingdoms of Europe. There, the cause is taken up by Bernard of Clairvaux, the mid-twelfth century’s most influential churchman. Bernard goes before the King of France, Louis VII, and the emperor of Germany, Conrad III, and urges them to lead their armies east. For the first time in half a century, Latin Europe is mobilized, and warriors come forward in great numbers. But the campaign grows into something far larger than even Saint Bernard initially imagined. In the Iberian Peninsula, King Afonso I of Portugal and King Alfonso VII of León-Castile ask that the crusade be extended to their battle against the Almoravids. While on the eastern frontier of the German empire, Henry the Lion wants to lead a crusade against the Wends. This is the Second Crusade – the first truly continental crusading effort of the Middle Ages. We’ll cover the full history.

Written, edited and narrated by J Stephen Roberts
Animations by Denys Rodionov
Game footage: Attila Total War: Age of Charlemagne and Rome 2 Total War: Medieval 1100 mod

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Sources:
-Christiansen, Eric - The Northern Crusades, (Penguin, 1998)
-The Conquest of Lisbon, trans. Charles Wendell David, (Columbia, 2001)
-Ibn al-Athir - The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period, Part 1, trans. D.S. Richards (Ashgate, 2005).
-Ibn al-Qalanisi - The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades, trans. H.A.R. Gibb, (Dover, 2002)
-Madden, Thomas - The New Concise History of the Crusades, (Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2006)
-O’Callaghan, Joseph - A History of Medieval Spain, (Cornell, 1975)
-O’Callaghan, Joseph - Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain, (Pennsylvania, 2004)
-Phillips, Jonathan - The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom, (Yale, 2010)
-Reilly, Bernard F. - The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031-1157, (Blackwell, 1995)
-Riley-Smith, Jonathan - The Crusades: A History, (Yale University Press, 2005)
-Tyerman, Christopher - God’s War, (Harvard University Press, 2006)
-William of Tyre - A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, Vol. II, trans. Emily Babcock and A.C. Krey, (Columbia University Press, 1943)

#SecondCrusade #France #Zengi

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