Origin of Islam: The Rise and Fall of the Abbasid Caliphate | The Arab Conquest | Animated History Documentary
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At the beginning of the Middle Ages, two major empires, at war with each other for several centuries, dominated the Mediterranean and the Middle East.
The Eastern Roman Empire, which we now call the Byzantine Empire, covered Southern Europe, Northern Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean. Its capital was Constantinople.
The other great empire was that of Persia. Governed at this time by the Sassanid dynasty, it stretched from Mesopotamia to today’s Pakistan. Its capital was Ctesiphon.
To the South, as the land gradually gave way to desert, the inhabitants were mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic Bedouins.
In order to strengthen their positions, the Byzantines and the Persians sought to establish alliances: both empires wanted the Arab tribes on their side and enlisted nomadic warriors in their armies.
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