The October Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, was a significant event in Russia in 1917 that led to the rise of the Soviet Union. Taking place from October 25 to 26 (Julian calendar) or November 7 to 8 (Gregorian calendar), it was the second of two Russian revolutions that year. The first, in February, had led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a provisional government. However, this government was weak, and the political and economic crises continued.

The October Revolution was led by the Bolshevik Party under Vladimir Lenin, with substantial support from workers, soldiers, and peasants who were frustrated by ongoing hardships and Russia’s involvement in World War I. The Bolsheviks seized key locations in Petrograd (now St. Petersburg) without much resistance. They quickly moved to consolidate power, advocating "peace, land, and bread," promising an end to the war, redistribution of land to peasants, and food for the masses.

The revolution marked the beginning of Soviet rule and laid the foundation for a socialist state, which dramatically transformed Russia's political, social, and economic structure. It also set the stage for the Russian Civil War, which lasted from 1917 to 1922, ultimately establishing the USSR and leading to decades of global influence and tension during the Cold War.

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