Scope: The last flowering of Mesopotamian imperial power came in the late 7th and early 6th centuries B.C. It began when the Chaldean Nabopolassar led a massive Babylonian uprising against Assyrian rule in the 620s. With Median assistance, Nabopolassar destroyed Assyria; then he and his successor, Nebuchadrezzar, went on to conquer an empire that took in both the northern Fertile Crescent and the Levant. Little information has been recovered that casts light on the organization and administration of the Neo-Babylonian empire or its army. It appears that in many ways the Neo-Babylonians modeled their empire on that of the Assyrians. The Neo-Babylonian empire was short-lived. For reasons that are obscure, Nebuchadrezzar’s successor, Nabonidus, absented himself in northern Arabia for 10 years, then returned to confront
popular discontent and the attacks of a Persian conqueror, Cyrus the Great. The combination of the two led to the collapse of the Neo-Babylonian empire and a permanent end to Mesopotamian independence.





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