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A reverse circulation drilling rig (RC drilling rig) is a type of drilling rig used primarily in mining and geological exploration. It is distinct from traditional rotary drilling rigs in its method of collecting samples. Instead of forcing drilling fluid down through the drill pipe and circulating it back up around the pipe, reverse circulation rigs pump air or drilling fluid down the outer space between the drill pipe and the borehole wall. The returning air, water, and cuttings are then forced back up through the inner tube of the drill pipe.

Key characteristics of a reverse circulation drilling rig include:

Efficient sample collection: Cuttings are extracted through the center of the pipe, resulting in cleaner and less contaminated samples.
High-speed drilling: It is often faster than other methods for penetrating hard rock and alluvial material.
Deeper and larger boreholes: This method can reach significant depths and is ideal for larger boreholes.
Use in challenging conditions: It is widely used in remote areas and rough terrain, where traditional methods might struggle.
Reverse circulation drilling is commonly used in mineral exploration, geotechnical investigations, and groundwater exploration.

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