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On December 25, 1978, Vietnamese forces began the invasion of Cambodia. Khmer forces engaged using conventional warfare but were quickly overwhelmed by the much stronger Vietnamese Army. Vietnamese tanks now raced down the highways toward Phnom Penh, reaching the capital on January 7, 1979.

VIETNAMESE INVASION OF CAMBODIA: Timeline

11th century – Territorial expansions by both the Khmer Empire (the forerunner of modern-day Cambodia) and Dai Viet (the forerunner of modern-day Vietnam) result in overlapping spheres of influence, which lead to competition and conflict

12th century – Resulting wars lead to centuries of friction, discord and animosity.

17th century – Through migration, Vietnamese settlers gain control of the sparsely populated eastern region of the stagnating Cambodian kingdom, which today comprises the southern region of Vietnam

1970s – Indo-China’s charged political and security climate further aggravates this historical animosity

1940s – During the period of French colonization, communist movements are founded in Vietnam and Cambodia (including Laos)

1950s – The Geneva Peace Accords divide Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam

April 1975 – Communist revolutions prevail in Cambodia and Vietnam

1973 – Khmer Rouge units regularly ambush North Vietnamese patrols that had crossed over into Cambodia

1974 – Armed clashes break out between Vietnamese and Cambodian forces

May 1975 – Khmer forces invade the Vietnamese island of Phu Quoc, just off the Cambodian coast, and Tho Chu, off the Vietnamese mainland. Vietnam retaliates by invading the Kampuchean island of Koh Wai but withdraw in August of that year
April 1977 – Khmer forces attack the Vietnamese town of Chau Doc (in An Giang Province), and later in September in what was a prelude to full-scale war, they sent thousands of soldiers into Tay Ninh Province

January 1978 – Vietnamese forces enter Kampuchean Svay Rieng Province

January 1978 – The Khmer Rouge initiates a purge of suspected disloyal military officers

June 1978 – Vietnam begin preparations to invade Kampuchea

November 1978 – Vietnam masses its forces along its southern border with Kampuchea

November 3, 1978 – Vietnam and the Soviet Union sign a military agreement, the Vietnamese-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation

December 21, 1978 – Two Vietnamese divisions make a diversionary attack on Kratie

December 25, 1978 – Vietnam begins a full-scale invasion of Cambodia using 13 divisions comprising 150,000 soldiers, supported by artillery and air power

January 7, 1979 – Vietnamese forces enter Phnom Penh

January 8, 1979 – A pro-Vietnam government is formed in Cambodia

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