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Notches and weirs
A notch is an opening in the side of a measuring tank or reservoir extending above the free surface. A weir is a notch on a large scale, used, for example, to measure the flow of a river, and may be sharp edged or have a substantial breadth in the direction of flow.
A weir is a concrete or masonry structure which is constructed across the open channel (such as a river) to change its water flow characteristics. Weirs are constructed as an obstruction to flow of water. These are commonly used to measure the volumetric rate of water flow, prevent flooding and make rivers navigable
Types Of Notches
Rectangular notch.
Triangular notch.
Trapezoidal notch.
Stepped notch.
What is the use of weir?
A weir is a small dam built across a body of water, such as a river. We use them to help control the flow of water. Weirs can help raise the water level so that boats can pass through, and they can also reduce the flow of water to prevent flooding
What is weir in fluid mechanics?
A weir /wɪər/ or low head dam is a barrier across the width of a river that alters the flow characteristics of water and usually results in a change in the height of the river level. Weirs are also used to control the flow of water for outlets of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs.
Notches are commonly used in material impact tests where a morphological crack of a controlled origin is necessary to achieve standardized characterization of fracture resistance of the material. The most common is the Charpy impact test, which uses a pendulum hammer (striker) to strike a horizontal notched specimen.
Generally, ogee weirs are provided for the spillway of a storage dam. The crest of the ogee weir slightly rises and falls into parabolic form. Flow over ogee weir is similar to flow over rectangular weir, cippoletti weir.
Benefits and Drawbacks
Weirs can be built to measure water flow rate, to alter the flow of rivers, or to prevent flooding. Additionally, small-size weirs can be used in large hydropower developm
It works by raising the water level upstream of the weir, and then forcing the water to spill over. The more water is flowing over the weir, the deeper the water will be upstream of the weir. So measuring flow rate (CFS) can be done by simply measuring the depth of the water upstream.
ents as a way to mitigate potential harm that may come about as a result of dam development.
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The height of the weir from the bottom of the channel to the crest should be at least 2 times the maximum expected head of liquid above the crest. This is necessary to lower the velocity of approach. The weir height should never be less than 1 foot (0.3 m).
