Classical conditioning is a fundamental concept in psychology, wherein an association is established between a neutral stimulus and a naturally evoking stimulus to elicit a specific response. This process involves the gradual learning of new behaviors or reflexes through repeated pairings, ultimately leading to the transfer of the response from the natural stimulus to the previously neutral one. The pioneering experiments by Ivan Pavlov, involving dogs salivating at the sound of a bell, exemplify this fascinating psychological phenomenon.

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