Land art, also known as Earth art, environmental art or Earthworks, is an art movement that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s.
Robert Smithson was a prominent figure in the land art movement. He transitioned from painting to sculpture in the 1960s, aligning his work with Minimalism. He created "non-sites" by collecting earth and rocks from specific areas and displaying them in galleries along with various materials like maps, bins, mirrors, glass, and neon. Smithson's most famous earthworks include Spiral Jetty (1970), Broken Circle/Spiral Hill (1971), and Amarillo Ramp (1973). These monumental sculptures challenged traditional notions of art by placing them in natural landscapes rather than galleries. Smithson was fascinated by duality and entropy.
Spiral Jetty, constructed in 1970, is a 1,500-foot-long coil made of mud, salt crystals, and basalt rocks on the northeastern shore of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. It took six days and heavy machinery to transport 6,650 tons of materials into the lake. The sculpture was built twice, with Smithson altering its shape after initial construction. For years, it remained submerged, only visible from the air. However, a drought in the early 2000s caused the water level to drop, revealing Spiral Jetty to the public for an extended period.
Nancy Holt was a renowned American artist recognized for her contributions to public sculpture, installation art, and land art. She extended her artistic pursuits to various media, including film and photography, and authored books and articles on art.
Walter de Maria was an artist who delved into the intricate relationship between relative and absolute concepts. He used geometric forms to create a series of repetitions in his sculptures, installations and land works. Trained initially as a painter, he turned his art quickly toward sculpture with a practise at the intersection of Minimal Art, Conceptual Art and Land Art.
Michael Heizer
Well known for his capacity to build large-scale works and explore the relationship between positive and negative space, Michael Heizer has been a prominent figure of the land art movement since his twenties in the late 1960s. Through his monumental excavations and constructions, Heizer analyses scale and forms to build works evoking fear and awe at the same time capable of outlasting humanity.
Ana Mendieta
This Cuban feminist artist is known as one of the pioneers of the Land Art, especially for the manner the human body relates to and returns to nature. With a production of over 200 works, Mendieta used her body and the earth as a medium to create controversial sculptures. Her works are multi layered and highly philosophical, relating to multiple art movements such as performance and body art, conceptualism and land art. The artist’s legacy tells a story of human equality, of cyclical sequences between life and death and of the omnipresence force of mother nature.
Agnes Denes is a Hungarian-born American conceptual artist based in New York. She is known for works in a wide range of media – from poetry and philosophical writings, to complex diagrams rendered both by hand and by computer, sculpture, and international environmental installations.
A primary figure among the concept-based artists who emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, Denes was a pioneer of several art movements, often simultaneously investigating science, ecology, philosophy, linguistics, psychology, poetry, history, and music.
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