#World-wide trade in medicinal plants and their derived products with special reference Pharmacognosy
#DIAOSGENIN /DIOSCOREA:
#Trade:
1.Diaosgenine is the major raw material used in the synthesis of corticosteroids ,sex hormones and anti-fertility compounds
2.Diosgenine is the precursor for 60% total steroidal product of the world
3.Present world requirements of steroidal drug for pharmaceutical in terms of steroidal diosgenine is huge, equivalent to about 10,000 tones of dioscorea tubers per annum
4.The total annual requirement of diosgenine by Pharmaceutical industries of our country is about 450 tonnes while the total production of diosgenin in India is about 100 tonnes.
5.The rest of the requirement is import in the form of diosgenin and drug intermediate.
#TAXOL /TAXUS:
#Trade:
1. The worldwide trade of taxol reached to US $ 1.92 billion in 2002
2. It was approved for the treatment of breast cancer in 1994 and now it is transition from second line to first line therapy
#DIGITALIS:
#Trade:
1. The total volume of world trade in Digitalis is estimated to 1000 tones per annum
2.An average of 22.4 million prescription prescribed digitalis for heart failure patient per annum
3.Digoxin used are 40.8 million prescriptions in 2002 in US.
4. All of the requirements of digitalis glycosides for Pharmaceutical industries in india come from import.
5.During 1975-79, about 33 kg of digoxin worth Rs, 1,25,500 was imported into india from UK
6.But in the year 1981-82 report indicated that only 1 kg of digoxin worth Rs, 17,267 was imported from France.
7.India export crude drug to Australia, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Kenya, Oman, Srilanka
8.India exported in
1988-89 – 10,996 Kg - 1,84,837 Rs
1990-91 – 13,267 Kg – 2,37,605 Rs
1992-93 – 2,000 Kg - 52,936 RS
#PAPAIN:
#Trade:
1. The east African countries Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania have been the major source of supply of papain to the world market for the past several years particularly Uganda.
2. The principal importing countries of papain are USA, Japan, Belgium, UK and France.
3. Other importing countries include west Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Italy and Spain.
4. During last decade the US bought about 15. 6 to 20 thousand metric tonnes per annum of papain which about 232 million dollars annually
5. Export of papain from india has been increased from near 212 kg in 1972-73
6. in 1983 – 10877 Kg of papain export
7. 2000 – 18,365 tons of papain exported
8. Exported 1.5 millions
9. In 1995-96 & 96-97, India has exported pure papain of RS. 132 Lakh & RS 143 Lakh respectively
#CINCHONA /QUININE:
#Trade:
1. By 1985-86 the production up to 10 Lakhs Kg of bark & about 26,000 Kg of quinine salts
2. India exported quinine and its salt of Rs 299 Lakhs during 1995-96.
3. At the time of second world war, Cinchona had great importance in the world trade, only source for antimalarial
4. At present 90% of total cinchona bark is produce in Indonesia, Zaire, Tanzania, India, Kenya, Srilanka & Columbia
5. Annual world production of quinine and its alkaloid is about 850 tonnes
6. India produce only 15-20 tonnes annually
7. The price of Cinchona bark in India market is Rs, 65/kg and quinine sulphate US Rs 2700/Kg
8. Quinine sulphate national formulary Rs 4000/kg and Quinine hydrochloride NF RS 3000/Kg
#GINSENG:
#Trade:
1. Ginseng products are available as OTC product for oral administration or for cosmetic preparation in the US market
2. Ginseng has gained 3 position in herbal sale, with the retail sale more than US $ 60 million in the year 1999-2000.
3. The annual world trade in ginseng roots in between 3500 -4100 metric tonnes
4. Major exporter is china followed by Korea, USA, Canada and Japan
5. More than 60 % of the world production of ginseng is produced in Canada
6. The USA is the second largest producer of American ginseng
7. Hong Kong is the major importer of American ginseng
8. About 84 % of all American ginseng is re-exported to china from Hong Kong
9. Other market for American ginseng is Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia
10. The USA also import good quality of white ginseng
11. Worldwide requirement 3500-4100 tonnes annually
#ALOE:
#Trade:
1. The total world business of aloe is estimated to US $ 214 million for India is the pivotal and major supplier
2. Indian market rate for aloe leaves is Rs. 30/Kg to 35/Kg
3. Worldwide trade annually US $ 130 billion import export
4. Cosmetics – 250 US & billion in which aloe is used
5. Major produce –USA, Texas
6. USA 60-65 % of aloes world wide
7. Asian countries -20-25 %
#RAUWOLFIA /SERPGHANDHA:
#Trade:
1. Major parts of the commercial suplly of the dug is used in the USA and European countries supplied from India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma, and Thailand
2. Major supply of Rauwolfia serpentina is India
3. The Commercial supply from India is available from the states of UP, TN, Kerala, Karnataka, MS
4. The Roots are usually marketed Rs. 100/Kg under the names of their origin andare designated as Assam, Bengal
#Makranipharmaacdemy
