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The Dutch East India Company (VOC) established a trade presence in the Indonesian archipelago in the 17th century, beginning the history between the Dutch and Indonesia. The Dutch East Indies became a Dutch colony after the VOC progressively gained control of the territory and established a colonial government.

Indonesia's resources were exploited during Dutch colonial control, while the native people was treated as second-class citizens. Indonesians were regularly subjected to severe treatment and exploitation while working on plantations, mining, and other sectors.

The KNIL (Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger) was the Dutch East Indies' colonial army, made up primarily of soldiers from the Dutch and native Indonesian populations. The KNIL was involved in several battles during its existence and played an important role in the Dutch colonial government of Indonesia.

The KNIL fought against the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies during WWII. Following Japan's defeat, the Dutch government used the KNIL to suppress Indonesian independence movements, resulting in violent clashes with Indonesian nationalists.

During WWII, Japan seized the Netherlands, and Indonesia fell under Japanese rule. Following Japan's defeat, Indonesian nationalist leaders declared independence in 1945, which the Dutch government opposed. The Dutch attempted to reestablish their colonial rule, resulting in the Indonesian National Revolution, a four-year-long violent battle.

One of the most well-known massacres in Indonesia committed by the Dutch was the Rawagede massacre of 1948. Dutch soldiers killed more than 400 men, women, and children in the village of Rawagede, in West Java, during a military operation to suppress Indonesian independence.

The massacre was part of a larger Dutch campaign to reassert colonial control over Indonesia after World War II. The Dutch military targeted suspected Indonesian nationalists, and often used brutal tactics to achieve their goals. In the case of the Rawagede massacre, Dutch soldiers rounded up and killed villagers, including many who had no connection to the independence movement.

The conflict ended in 1949, with the Dutch acknowledging Indonesian independence, but not without substantial casualties on both sides. Since then, the Netherlands and Indonesia have had a complicated relationship, with diplomatic and economic links developing through time.

The Moluccans have a difficult relationship with both the KNIL and the Netherlands. The Maluku Islands, often known as the Moluccas, were part of the Dutch East Indies and a major source of recruits for the KNIL.

Many Moluccans fought alongside the Dutch in the KNIL against the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies during WWII. Following the war, Moluccan soldiers were promised independence, but the Dutch attempted to reestablish their colonial rule.

Moluccan troops and their families were thus caught in the crossfire of Indonesia's National Revolution, facing persecution and violence from both sides. Many Moluccan soldiers and their families were forced to evacuate to the Netherlands, where they were accommodated in temporary camps before being transferred to permanent accommodation.

There are still considerable disagreements between the Moluccan community and the Dutch government today. Although the Netherlands has apologized for its treatment of Moluccan troops and their families, many members of the community continue to seek acknowledgment and justice for their ordeal.

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