Natural disasters have taken thousands of lives this year and cost billions of dollars, putting policymakers under increasing pressure. The past seven years have been the hottest on record.
Tropical storms and hurricanes have battered coastal areas in Southeast Asia and the United States, at an ever-increasing rate.
Warming temperatures are decimating the Arctic, where melting ice is destroying ecosystems and raising sea levels worldwide.
The first COP summit was held in Berlin in 1995. Two years later in Kyoto, major industrialized countries committed to reducing greenhouse gases, but not the US. The 2015 Paris Deal set targets The US signed, only to reneg. Last year's Glasgow Pact laid out financial commitments.
That included the issue of payments to developing countries, dealing with the effects of climate change. But how much major polluting nations should compensate those with a smaller carbon footprint remains contentious.
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