How Hungary defeated the Mongols, German, Italian (899-1285) (FULL PARTS)
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How Hungary defeated the Mongols, German, Italian (899-1285) (FULL PARTS). At the close of the 9th century, in an era when the grand legacy of Charlemagne was gradually fading, the Carolingian Empire fractured into smaller, chaotic kingdoms vying for power, a remarkable figure emerged. That man was Arnulf of Carinthia, the son of King Carloman and the rightful heir to East Francia.
In 887, Arnulf claimed the crown of East Francia, becoming King of Germany. But his ambitions did not end there. Arnulf dreamed of something far greater: a vision not merely to secure his throne but to restore the Carolingian Empire and revive the greatness of his ancestors. That ambition led him south, to Italy, the eternal key to imperial power.

How Hungary defeated the Mongols, German, Italian (899-1285) (FULL PARTS). In 894, after arduous campaigns, Arnulf claimed the throne of Italy. Two years later, in 896, Pope Formosus crowned Arnulf as Holy Roman Emperor in Rome. With this, Arnulf became more than just a king; he was now the bearer of the title "Augustus of the Western Empire," the supreme symbol of authority and dominion across Europe.
On this path to greatness, Arnulf found an ally, Berengar of Friuli, a great-grandson of Charlemagne and King of Italy since 888, who had lost his lands and throne to Guy III of Spoleto. It was Arnulf who rescued Berengar from defeat, restoring his position. However, after being crowned King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor, Arnulf solidified his control by appointing his illegitimate son Ratold as the Viceroy of Italy.

How Hungary defeated the Mongols, German, Italian (899-1285) (FULL PARTS). To maintain peace and authority, Ratold and Berengar briefly agreed to divide Italy between them. But as the saying goes, two tigers cannot share the same forest for long. Their uneasy truce quickly unraveled, and just as tensions reached a boiling point, Ratold unexpectedly passed away, leaving Berengar as the sole ruler of the territory.
In the ruthless world of ambition and power, gratitude rarely lasts forever. Despite once owing his position to Arnulf, Berengarbegan to see things differently. With pride in his pure Carolingian lineage, he saw himself as the rightful heir to the imperial title—more deserving than Arnulf, the “illegitimate son” whom Berengar deemed unworthy of the empire's legacy.
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