The '''Han dynasty''' or the '''Han Empire''' was the second imperial dynasty of China ( 206 BC–220 AD ) , preceded by the Qin dynasty ( 221–206 BC ) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period ( 220–280 AD ) . Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the Han people and the Chinese script is referred to as Han characters. It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty ( 9–23 AD ) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the '''Western Han''' or '''Former Han''' ( 206 BC – 9 AD ) and the '''Eastern Han''' or '''Later Han''' ( 25–220 AD ) .
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