ACL and PCL reconstruction are surgical procedures aimed at restoring knee stability after damage to these critical ligaments. ACL reconstruction involves replacing the torn ligament with a graft, typically from the hamstring or patellar tendon, secured through tunnels drilled in the femur and tibia. PCL reconstruction also uses a graft, often from similar sources, to replace the posterior cruciate ligament, with tunnels created in the femur and tibia to replicate its natural position. Both procedures are commonly performed using minimally invasive arthroscopy for precision. Recovery requires physical therapy and bracing, with a return to full activity typically taking 9–12 months.

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