A hydraulic system works by moving the working fluid through the components. But apart from power transmission, a hydraulic fluid additionally helps in dissipating the heat from the components thus cooling the system. The heat generated is due to the working of various components. To ensure smooth functioning, the moving components of the system should be lubricated as well. Thus, hydraulic fluid has various functions in a hydraulic power system.
The selection of hydraulic fluid is dependent on the requirements of the power system. Nonetheless, the hydraulic fluid must possess some properties to be used in a hydraulic power system. A hydraulic fluid having good lubricity separates and lubricates the components effectively. A good hydraulic fluid should have ideal viscosity, it should be stable chemically, as well as physically to ensure usage for long time periods. The fluid must have high bulk modulus for proper working. Another property desired in a hydraulic fluid is fire-resistance. Additionally, hydraulic fluids having low foaming tendency are preferred in hydraulic systems.
Although no hydraulic fluid can possess all the properties. Hence, the best possible hydraulic fluid is used which fulfils most of the requirements of the system.
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