CAUSES OF CLUBBING
Thoracic (~80%)
• Chronic suppurative conditions:
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Bronchiectasis
Lung abscess
Empyema
Cystic fibrosis
• Tumours:
Lung cancer
Mesothelioma
Fibroma
• Pulmonary fibrosis
Cardiovascular
• Cyanotic congenital heart disease
• Infective endocarditis
• Arteriovenous shunts and aneurysms
Gastrointestinal
• Cirrhosis
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Coeliac disease
Others
• Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid acropachy)
• Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
0581 is the pdf page number in Davidson Textbook
