In 2015, Russian hackers tunneled deep into the computer systems of the Democratic National Committee, the White House, and the State Department, and placed implants in American electrical and nuclear plants that could give them the power to switch off vast swaths of the country. This was the culmination of a decade of escalating digital sabotage among the world's powers, in which Americans became the collateral damage as China, Iran, North Korea, and Russia battled in cyberspace to undercut one another in daily just-short-of-war conflict.
How has the rise of cyberweapons transformed geopolitics? How vulnerable is the American government to crippling attacks on its own networks of banks, utilities, and government agencies?
David Sanger is national security correspondent for "The New York Times," a regular contributor to CNN, and adjunct lecturer in public policy at Harvard's Kennedy School of Government.
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