Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) occurs when the immune system generates non-functional antibodies that bind to a pathogen, intensifying inflammation and tissue damage without neutralizing the pathogen. Scientists first described this biological phenomenon in the 1960s during the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine trials. Vaccines developed against a post-fusion (open) viral protein complex generated non-neutralizing antibodies and caused ADE. Researchers manipulated the amino acid sequence of the spike protein, locking it into the pre-fusion (closed) conformation, ensuring ADE would not occur. All the vaccines currently in use in the United States rely on the spike protein in the pre-fusion (closed) position. Moreover, data on the Delta variant show that unvaccinated people experience the most severe illness, which would not be expected if ADE was occurring. In this clip, Dr. Roger Seheult and Dr. Rhonda Patrick discuss why antibody-dependent enhancement is unlikely to occur with leading COVID-19 vaccines.

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Original episode posted Sep 17, 2021.

#antibodies #vaccines #covid19

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