Distance measurement and automatic braking system

SYNOPSIS
The main objective of this project is for security system. If vehicle moves very near to the opposite vehicle then it applies brake automatically. It is used for avoiding accident over by racing in highways and parking or busy traffic areas through pneumatic braking.
Pneumatic braking system works faster when compared to other devices. So we can achieve the high efficient operation by programming the microcontroller.

WORKING PRINCIPLE
In this project we are using ultrasonic sensor for detecting the objects or vehicles in front of our vehicle. It also measures the distance of the vehicle in front of ours. It consists of ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. The transmitter always transmitting the waves, the receiver receives the reflected waves and converts it in to digital pulse. The ultrasonic sensor sends the output to the controller. The pulse time will vary depends on the closeness between the sensor and the object. Using this pulse timing the controller measures the distance. When the distance becomes low, the controller will switch on the relay for applying braking. Before applying braking, the controller will display the alert in the LCD display. Here the pneumatic cylinder braking mechanism is used for applying brake in the wheel. Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical devices which produce force, often in combination with movement, and are powered by compressed gas (typically air).To perform their function, pneumatic cylinders impart a force by converting the potential energy of compressed gas into kinetic energy. This is achieved by the compressed gas being able to expand, without external energy input, which itself occurs due to the pressure gradient established by the compressed gas being at a greater pressure than the atmospheric pressure. This air expansion forces a piston to move in the desired direction.

ADVANTAGES
 Compatible size
 Low cost
 Reduce the security tensions

DISVANTAGE
Need separate compressor.


APPLICATIONS
 Applicable in all automobiles and very useful for learners.
 Can be implemented in all automobiles to increase the automation involved.

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