You may not know this, but in 1968 John Calhoun conducted experiments where he placed rats in limited space in an experiment called Universe 25. The results were shocking, as the rat society began to collapse even with abundant food and water.
Calhoun's experiment started with four pairs of rats in a 101x101x55 cm space, designed to be a utopian rat society with everything they needed to thrive. As the rats reproduced and their population grew, the space became crowded, leading to increased stress and aggression among the rodents.
Eventually, the overcrowding became so severe that the entire society collapsed. The rats stopped reproducing, stopped caring for their young, and became increasingly aggressive and violent toward each other because they didn't have personal space and many of these findings are relevant today.

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