Lycurgus was the legendary lawgiver of Sparta who established the reformation of Spartan society into a militaristic society at the recommendation of the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi. All his reforms promoted the three Spartan virtues: equality (among citizens), military fitness, and austerity.

While it is not clear if Lycurgus was an actual historical figure, many ancient historians including Plutarch believed that he instituted the communalistic and militaristic reforms – most notably the Great Rhetra – which transformed Spartan society.

Plutarch was a Greek historian, biographer, and essayist, known primarily for his Parallel Lives and Moralia. Plutarch's surviving works were written in Greek, but intended for both Greek and Roman readers.



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Plutarch's Lives
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