Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte was born on 20 March 1811 in Paris and died on 22 July 1832 in Vienna. He was the son and heir of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, and his second wife, Maria-Louisa of Austria.
As Napoleon II was an imperial prince, he was made King of Rome at birth.
In 1814, he was ousted by the Senate following his father's first abdication. In 1815, at the end of the One-hundred Days, he was proclaimed successor to the French Empire by his father, under the name of Napoleon II. However, officials refrained from proclaiming the 4-year-old imperial heir, who was in Austria at the time, emperor of the French. Napoleon II's "reign" ended after two weeks when Louis XVIII entered Paris.
After the loss of his imperial title, Napoleon then bore the title of Prince of Parma, and finally, that of Duke of Reichstadt, a title given to him by his grandfather, the Emperor of Austria.
Napoleon II spent the rest of his life in Austria. Until his death at the age of 21, he was recognized by the Bonapartists as the heir to the imperial throne.
Posthumously, Napoleon II received the nickname L’Aiglon, which means young eagle.
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